Evaluation of Influence of Multiple Scattering Effect in Light-Scattering-Based Applications

The extinction cross sections of a system containing two particles are calculated by the T-matrix method, and the results are compared with those of two single particles with single-scattering approximation. The necessity of the correction of the refractive indices of water and polystyrene for different incident wavelengths is particularly addressed in the calculation. By this means, the volume fractions allowed for certain accuracy requirements of single-scattering approximation in the light scattering experiment can be evaluated. The volume fractions calculated with corrected refractive indices are compared with those obtained with fixed refractive indices which have been rather commonly used, showing that fixed refractive indices may cause significant error in evaluating multiple scattering effect. The results also give a simple criterion for selecting the incident wavelength and particle size to avoid the ＇blind zone＇ in the turbidity measurement, where the turbidity change is insensitive to aggregation of two particles.     

Investigation on improving characteristics of two-cell SBS system with CCl4/C2H5OH liquid mixture

In order to improve the performance of the two-cell stimulated Brillouin scattering （SBS） system, this paper proposes the methods of using mixtures, which require amplifier media to have small absorption rate, and generator media to have high optical breakdown threshold and Brillouin frequency shift equal to that of the amplification media. The characteristics of the two-cell SBS system are studied experimentally by using CCl4 as amplifier medium and CCl4, C2H5OH and CCl4/C2H5OH liquid mixture as generator medium pumped by Nd：YAG Q-switched laser. The obtained results show that liquid mixture in generator cell improves the power load ability, phase conjugation fidelity, energy reflectivity （ER） and ER stability.     

Wittig反应在天然产物合成中的应用

综述了近十年来Wittig反应、Wittig－Horner反应及其它类型Wittig反应在天然产物合成中的应用。参考文献33篇。     

Non-Gravitational Effects with Density-Matching in Evaluating the Influence of Sedimentation on Colloidal Coagulation

The method of density matching between the solid and liquid phases is often adopted to effectively eliminate the effect of sedimentation of suspensions in studies on dynamic behaviour of a colloidal system. However, the associated changes in the solvent composition may bring side effects to the properties investigated and therefore might lead to a faulty conclusion if the relevant correction is not made. To illustrate the importance of this side effect, we present an example of the sedimentation influence on the coagulation rate of suspensions of 2μm （diameter） polystyrene. The liquid mixtures, in the proper proportions of water （H2O）, deuterium oxide （D2O） and methanol （MeOH） as the liquid phase, density-matched and unmatched experiments are performed. Besides the influence of viscosity, the presence of methanol in solvent media, used to enhance the sedimentation effect, causes significant changes （reduction） in rapid coagulation rates compared to that in pure water. Without the relevant corrections for those non-gravitational factors it seems that gravitational sedimentation would retard the coagulation. The magnitude of the contribution from the non-gravitational factor is quantitatively determined, making the relevant correction possible. After necessary the influence of the sedimentation on coagulation rates at corrections for all factors, our experiments show that the initial stage of the coagulation is not observable.     

小波分析技术在GPS数据预处理中的应用

将小波分析技术应用于数据预处理,利用小波变换对GPS位观测值进行小波分解,可将GPS观测值分解为不同的频率成分,通过一定尺度上的带通滤波器进行滤波,就可以将特定的频率成分提取出来,而将其它成分滤去,从而有效地消除或削弱多路径效应及观测噪声的影响,提高GPS数据处理的精度.并运用Matlab语言进行了编程实现,对比不同基线长度下小波变换前后的预处理精度估值可知,经小波变换后的精度估值有了一定提高,表明了该方法的有效性与可行性.     

强激光驱动高能极化正负电子束与偏振伽马射线的研究进展

高能自旋极化正负电子束与偏振伽马射线在高能物理、实验室天体物理与核物理等领域有十分重要的应用.近年来随着超短超强激光脉冲技术的快速发展,利用强激光与物质相互作用的非线性康普顿散射和多光子Breit-Wheeler过程为制备高极化度、高束流密度的高能极化粒子束提供了新的可能.本文对基于强激光产生高能极化正负电子束与偏振伽马射线的研究成果进行简要回顾,并介绍了这些方法的基本物理原理和主要结果.     

La(OTf)3 catalyzed synthesis of α-aryl tetrasubstituted pyrroles through [4+1] annulation under microwave irradiation

A La(OTf)₃ catalyzed synthesis of tetrasubstituted pyrroles under microwave irradiation has been developed affording various α-aryl tetrasubstituted pyrroles in acceptable to good yields (36–82% yield) through condensation/alkyne azacyclization/isomerization sequence. Functionalized α-aryl pentasubstituted pyrroles could be prepared from tetrasubstituted pyrroles through easy transformations.     

Influence of different nematic crosslinking unit on mesomorphism of side-chain cholesteric elastomers containing menthyl groups

The synthesis of two cholesteric monomers (M₁ and M₂), nematic crosslinking agent (C₁ and C₂), and the corresponding side-chain elastomers containing menthyl groups (P₁ and P₂ series) is described. The mesomorphism was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry, polarizing optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analysis. The effect of the content of the different nematic crosslinking unit on the mesomorphism of the elastomers was discussed. M₁ and M₂ showed cholesteric and blue phases; C₁ and C₂ showed nematic phase. Because of the introduction of the nematic crosslinking unit, elastomers P_1-1−P_1-5 and P_2-1−P_2-5 exhibited cholesteric phase. With increasing the content of nematic crosslinking unit, T _g of the obtained elastomers revealed an increased tendency, and T _i of P₁ series firstly increased then decreased, while T _i of P₂ series decreased the mesomorphism of the corresponding elastomers when the content of nematic crosslinking unit was 12 mol.%.     

新型花状纳米四氧化三钴修饰玻碳电极对芦丁的电催化氧化及其测定

采用滴涂法制备了新型花状纳米Co3O4修饰玻碳电极(F-Co3O4-np/GC/CME).纳米Co3O4的扫描电镜(SEM)表明,纳米Co3O4膜为多孔纳米材料;X-射线衍射光谱(XRD)表明,纳米Co3O4为纯面心立方相尖晶石结构.采用循环伏安法(CV)、计时电量法(CC)、半微分线性伏安法(SDV)研究了芦丁在F-Co3O4-np/GC/CME上的电化学行为及动力学性质.结果表明:芦丁在此修饰电极上有敏锐的氧化还原峰,其氧化峰电流与电位扫描速度(v)呈良好线性关系,表明芦丁在修饰电极上的伏安行为受吸附控制.芦丁的氧化峰电流与其浓度在1.0×10-6～4.5×10-4 mol/L范围内呈线性关系;检出限为5.0×10-7 mol/L.本方法可用于槐花、红花、金银花、杜仲叶的提取液中芦丁含量的测定,加标回收率为99.5%～100.9%之间;RSD为1.7%～4.5%.     

黄金蝉若虫体蛋白水解液的荧光标记及电喷雾质谱鉴定

采用2-[2-(7H-二苯并[a,g]咔唑-乙氧基)-乙基]氯甲酸酯(DBCEC-Cl)作为柱前衍生试剂, 于室温下,在硼酸钠缓冲液(pH 9.0)中,金蝉若虫体蛋白水解液中氨基酸的完全衍生化在5 min即可完成.在Hypersil BDS C18色谱柱 (200 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm) 上, 采用梯度洗脱实现了各衍生物的完全基线分离.最佳荧光检测为λex/λem=300/395 nm.在线串联的ESI/MS正离子质谱数据显示:所有衍生物均给出m/z 338 5,294.5的特征碎片离子峰.荧光条件下的线性回归系数大于0.9992; 检出限为2.6～24 fmol.本方法灵敏、可靠、重现性好.对实际黄金蝉若虫体蛋白水解液中氨基酸的测定,结果满意.